![]() The deep posterior compartment muscles include the flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior and popliteus muscles. The plantaris, a muscle that is thought to be absent in 10% of the population, is also involved in plantar flexion of the ankle but plays a limited compared to the other two superficial posterior muscles. The soleus is involved in plantar flexion of the ankle, irrespective of knee position. The gastrocnemius is involved in plantar flexion of the ankle, while the knee is in extension, and also is involved in flexing the leg at the knee joint. Together these three muscles form the triceps surae. The three muscles within the superficial posterior compartment include the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. However, current thinking realizes that fascia, such as that of the posterior leg compartment, are not only involved in creating osteofascial compartments for muscles but also provide protective tunnels for neovascular bundles irrespective of limb positions, facilitate venous return, act as protective sheaths, dissipate external pressures, and are clinically significant in the spread or containment of infections. It was traditionally felt that the fascia overlying specialized organs and tissues within the body are irrelevant and only served to hold in place a particular tissue type. ![]() Within the posterior compartment of the leg, an additional septum further separates the compartment into two additional layers superficial and deep. The divisions of the lower leg are made up by intermuscular septa that are extensions of the overlying fascia.
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